CAUSES AND EFFECT OF SMOKING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
Smoking is one of the social disease with which this country is afflicted. Many corrective measures have been taken against if yet the problem has not been solved to investigate the causes and effects of smoking among secondary school students in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose and significance of this study was to determine the extent and nature of smoking among school children and the associate effect of the use of tobacco indiscriminately. To achieve this purpose ten (10) hypotheses were formulated for this study, these include:
Do you smoke for pleasure?   
Is it true that smoking suppress physical pain?
Does smoking causes mental problem?
Do you smoke because you see other people smoking?
Does smoking cause heart attack?
Is smoking dangerous to health?
The simple percentage (5) calculation data analysis was used to analysis the responses from the respondent on the questionnaire, the simple percentage calculated was used to analyze the interpret the response from the respondent. During the study was observed some secondary school students or pupils smoke do so to be bold and for pleasure. Based on the result of the analysis problem, they include the teaching of biology in secondary school making law to ban any types of cigarette preventing smoking in place by any body and finally there should be more educator public enlightenment campaign to teach the hazard of smoking.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE   
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Limitation of the study
Definition of terms
Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
Smoking and crime
Summary of literature
CHAPTER THREE        
Methodology
Population of the study
Sample of the study
Sampling techniques and procedure
Research instrument
Validity of instrument of data collection
Method of data collection
Method of analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis
Analysis
Introduction
Analysis of research questionnaires
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCE       
APPENDIX        
CHAPTER ONE
1.0    INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Smoking is for the suppression the disillusionment physical pain the relief of anxiety, frustration, depression and lack of purpose in life. Additional reasons are economics problems unemployment and poor parental example and the production of pleasurable sensation of moods is a practice that has long history.
Smoking was said to have originated from the America Indians, the use opinion as a panacea or cure for ills or to give pleasure developed long with the early civilization in Asia minor and North Africa, in (2001) what has made indiscriminate smoking has more disturbing problem in cent time, is that the practice is increasing among pre-adolescent school boys and girls. Daily investigation report over the mediate on alarming rate of smoking among teenagers and that smoking has extended to school children. In (2003) stated that serious effect of dangerous smoking appears in school age youth and parent and worried. Due to the frequent report in Beth print and electronic media about smoking problem in the country particularly in schools, youth and adult indulging themselves in smoking leaves countries federal government establish a campaign team to go school to organize a lecture on the effect of smoking in other advance countries, effort have been made to control and fight against smoking Awake and Geen (2001) have this to say our society has attempted to control smoking of psychoactive substance largely through restrictive law propaganda or education that focuses on their ill effect and treatment programme and designed to come e.g. madness.
The federal government borrowed leaf from the above with the establishment of the national smoking enforcement agency to mount strong propaganda on the evil effect of smoking. One of the ways used so far is above with the establishment of the print and electronic media and effective education Tuesday, 31, (2005) page with the theme youth protect operation of tobacco firm has this to say “for close to 40 minutes yesterday protesting youth from different organization across the country stood at the road leading to the factory of British America, tobacco company (BATCO) chanting different sings denouncing the operation of the firm in Nigeria. The youth who came in about eight buses and cars numbering about 100 carried different placards and banner with various inscription such as “No more killing of Nigeria youth, No TOBACCO DAY” held yesterday also alternative, Non government organizations it was used to sensitize and tobacco laden environment and also to urge the government to ratify the global health treaty. The frame work convention on tobacco control (FCTC).
The protesting youth claimed that the entry of (BATCCO) into the Nigeria market was particularly alarming since the company was allegedly doing everything within it reach to get the youth to smoke, Mr. Adedayo them as of Nigeria popular theater alliance said the group was tried of the destruction of the lives of youth in the country. He urged BATCO to leave Nigeria he added that the federal government should for humanity sake FCT, which china and some Africa countries like Kenya and Seychelles have done despite the effect mounted to fight against smoking, the seen to be on improvement, particularly among the teenager who continues to experiment to smoking.
Adesina (2006) in a memorial lecture given by A.S.O Odiye (2000) it has been discovered that about two million people are feared to die of cancer of the lungs, kidneys and heart due to smoking, therefore, the apparent prevalence of the problem in school justifies the study of problem and from the point of view of an educationist, the use of tobacco, recreational smoking appear to be useful prediction of children life style and difference and children performance in school smoking is posing a threat to human health in this country, those who smoke are unable to perform maximally develop sensitivity to the psychological effect of smoking. Smoking is spreading and finding it was into primary school as children are seen drinking wine schnapps and eat kola nut in public places even at home because of environment influence meaningful campaign against smoking of school star from the home of the child.
1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Smoking of any types of cigarette destroyed the heart and there by causing heart disease, since smoking is a habit or practice to human life and to the society in general, children should be educated about the effects of smoking. Smoking causes madness which eventually leads many smokers to psychiatric hospitals the liver and kidneys and the lungs area are affected due to smoking after both internally. Due to smoking of cigarette, people have contracted some serious disease, for example tuberculosis smoking can make children to forget to do the right things in a similar way it can make lead to absent mindedness, is can disturb ones joy, it can lead to deviance if causes which make the smoker to spent his money and times in the hospital, it can lead to frustration among people, the thinking and behaviour of smoker and different, to cure the habit of smoking, children should be told or lectured by parent on the evils of smoking and it should be taught by the class teacher at school.    
1.3PURPOSE OF STUDY
The broad purpose of this study is to determine the extent and nature of smoking among school children in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
        The study also concerned with the problem of the use of tobacco indiscriminately, the second limitation concern the peculiar nature of Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, the study carried out by a teacher who is interest in the general development of the pre-adolescent and the smooth lives of the adult, thus the language in the study is lay, with no sophisticated smoking (marijuana) technologies or even traces of the language of men and women of the medical profession, besides the discussion system can be helped, it is with this limitation in findings.    
1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following question would be tested
Does smoking pose a threat attracts?
Does smoking causes mental problem?
What brand of cigarette do you smoke?
Do you smoke for pleasure?
Is smoking dangerous to health?
Does smoking suppress emotional feelings?
Is it true that smoking suppressed physical pain?
Does smoking lead to deviance behaviour?
Do you smoke because you see other people smoking?
Does smoking pose a threat to human lives?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
          It is therefore hoped that on completion of this research work various communities in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State and Nigeria in general will benefit an essential role in the task of social reconstruction of our society. it will also provide on ample opportunity for the research and other reader to obtain firsthand information about the resultant effect of engaging in cigarette and tobacco smoking. The purpose of this study is to identify the cause and effect of smoking among secondary school student in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
          This study will be limited to ten (10) selected secondary school in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State in the realization of similar condition facing most student in other secondary school the survey student in JSS (III) (3) SS I, SSS II and SSS III.
        Smoking can make children to forget to do right things in a similar way it can make smoking children to refuse reading it can lead to absent mindedness, it can disturb ones joy, it can lead to deviance, it cause cancer which makes the smoker to spend his money and time in the hospital, it can lead to delinquency, it can cause restlessness among people. The thinking and behaviour of smoking are different, to cure the habit of smoking children should be told to lecture by parent on the evil of smoking and it should be taught by the class teacher at school.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS  
Cigarettes: This is small roll timely cut tobacco enclosed in a thin sheet of paper for smoking cigarette in most cause results to abnormality in the brain by smoking strong tobacco like Indian hemp and cocaine.
Cocaine: Is a drug which come people take illegally for pleasure and may be come addicted.
Smoking: The activities or habit of smoking as any substance of smoking which make as any him/her in smoke through the mouth and nostrils, which have some effects on the smoker lungs, heart or kidneys when diagnosed by medical doctor.
Addicts: A person who is unable to stop taking drugs alcohol e.g. person who are addicted to harmful, smoking to reduces ones anxiety recreate happiness awareness and makes one to be very high in action remove tension and reduces frustration.